A start can be made in predicate logic by taking apart 'atomic' sentences and by re-phrasing what they have to say in a 'entity-has-property' way.
The constant terms a,b,c...h are used to denote entities, the predicates A,B,C...Z are used to denote properties that these entities have, and these are put together by writing the predicate first followed by the term, for example Gb.
2013
In predicate logic, many different styles of expression in English get cast into the same 'property-is-had-by-entity' form. For example,
2013
To start learning how to symbolize sentences using predicate logic.
There are many valid arguments which cannot be shown to be valid using sentential logic alone. For example,
Beryl is a philosopher.
All philosophers are wise.
Therefore
Beryl is wise.
Beryl is a philosopher.
All philosophers are wise.
Therefore
Beryl is wise.
1/24/06
The problem or issue here lies with the truth table for the conditional (or material implication) ³
There is the idea of setting up a code or convention or dictionary between atomic propositions and capital letters.
There are compound propositions, each of which has a main connective which connects its components.
There are five propositional logical connectives:
'∼' which translates back to 'it is not the case that...'
'&' which translates back to '... and ...'
'∨' which translates back to '... or ...'
'⊃' which translates back to 'if... then ...'
'≡' which translates back to '... if and only if ...'
8/29/06
Your browser does not support html5 video.
-->
[This is a film-- press the 'play' symbol.]
9/1/12
Symbolizing compound sentences. Learning about logical connectives, and the notion of the main connective. Recognizing different constructions in English which have the same underlying logical form. Paraphrasing the English into a standard form.
It is the next step in learning how to symbolize. Main connectives are very important-- they are central to symbolization, they are central to the semantics, and they are central to derivations.
[This is a film-- press the 'play' symbol.]
To become familiar with the notions of argument, valid, invalid, premise, and conclusion. To learn how to symbolize atomic sentences.
Bergmann[2004] The Logic Book Chapter 1
The main role of logic is to assess arguments-- to say whether an individual argument is valid or whether it is invalid. In logic, arguments are taken to consist of two components--premises, and a conclusion.
For example,